SAP Basis in the overall system
Interface monitoring and support
This access method depends solely on the rights assigned to the user. System users: Users of this user group are comparable to SAP*. They act as administrator in the system. Therefore, they should be deactivated / set to inactive as soon as possible, as soon as the system operation is ensured. You should still be aware of the SAP ERP environment to address this security risk. In a HANA system, there are privileges instead of permissions. The difference is first of all in terms of terminology. Nevertheless, the permissions are assigned differently (directly / indirectly) via the assignment of roles. These are thus accumulations of privileges. As in older SAP systems, system users must be disabled and certain roles that already exist must be restricted. Compared to an SAP ERP system, small apps are allowed instead of large applications. In this case, attention should be paid to an individual authorisation. It should be a matter of course for users to have implemented secure password rules. Settings Securing the system also means securing the underlying infrastructure. Everything from the network to the host's operating system must be secured. When looking at the system landscape, it is striking that the new technology brings many connections that need to be secured. The SAP Gateway, which is responsible for the connection between backend and frontend, is also a security risk and must be considered. All security settings of existing and future components must be validated to HANA compatibility. Secure communication of connections is obtained when you restrict access where possible. Encryption of the data of a HANA system is disabled by default. Be sure to encrypt sensitive data anyway. Especially data that is archived. If an attack is made on your system, you should be able to run forensic analysis, so you should enable the audit log. Moreover, few users should have access to it.
User authentication is usually performed by entering a user name and password. This information is called user credentials and should only be known to the user, so that no third party can gain access to the system under a false identity. This post explains how a user's password protection can be circumvented and how to prevent it. SAP system legacy data The login data of a user, including password, are saved in the USR02 database table. However, the password is not in plain text, but encrypted as a hash value. For each user there are not only one but up to three generated password hashes. Different algorithms are used to calculate these values, but only the Salted SHA1 can be considered sufficiently safe. Table deduction USR02 The secure password hash is located in the fifth column of the pictured table deduction with the heading Password hash value. The corresponding data field in the column is called PWDSALTEDHASH. Weak Password Hash Risks You have a good and working permission concept that ensures that no processes or data can be manipulated or stolen. A potential attacker now has the ability to read out your database with the password hashes. The hash values are calculated using password crackers, which are available on the Internet at home, and the attacker now has a long list of user credentials. To damage your system, the user will now search for the appropriate permissions and perform the attack under a false identity. Identifying the actual attacker is virtually impossible. Check if your system is vulnerable too Your system generates the weak hash values if the login/password_downwards_compatibility profile parameter has an unequal value of 0.
SAP Netweaver - BI Authorization Concept
SAP will provide all SAP Notes in the SAP ONE Support Launchpad digitally signed. This is to increase the security when the updates are loaded. If you have unsigned SAP hints, there is a risk that the notice has been changed unnoticed and malicious code will be added to your SAP system when you install the notice. This poses a significant threat to the SAP system, which is why the digitally signed provision of the clues is an important improvement. However, to use digitally signed notes in your system, you will need to take a few steps to prepare them. If you install SAPCAR version 7.2 or later and have a user with the necessary permissions, all you have to do is insert the Note 2408073 into your system and do the manual pre- and post-processing. A digital signature technically ensures that any change can be detected at the notice and can be checked by the system to see if the present note, which is to be inserted into the system, is unchanged. Prerequisites to use digitally signed SAP hints To prepare your SAP system for digitally signed clues, you first have to meet some requirements: Digital signed SAP hints are provided as SAR files. The SAR files are unpacked with SAPCAR and checked for their digital signature. SAPCAR must be available on the Application Server in version 7.20 or higher. Therefore, it is strongly advised to update SAPCAR. If SAPCAR is not at least in version 7.20, the digital signature verification fails and the message cannot be unzipped. Installation of the digitally signed clue is then not possible. The implementing user also needs some permissions to perform the necessary manual pre- and post-processing of the note on the system: Authentication for the transaction SLG1 Read permission for the S_APPL_LOG permission to write and delete data from the application directory Upgrade the SAPCAR version on your system to version 7.20 or higher SAP basis version 700 or higher, for older versions the notice must be inserted manually If you have met these requirements, you can use the implementation of note 24080 Start 73. Implementation SAP Note number 2408073.
"Shortcut for SAP Systems" makes many tasks in the area of the SAP basis much easier.
The website "www.sap-corner.de" offers many useful information about SAP basis.
This is because the user name is also used in the CTS-ORG to create a file with the same name in the transport directory.